Reac tive oxygen intermediate roi and reactive nitrogen intermediate rni are. Cd40l controls obesityassociated vascular inflammation. Oxidative stress is intended as an indepth account of knowledge and problems in the field of oxygenrelated damage in biological systems. Furthermore it will also examine the effectiveness of an oral antioxidant therapy for treatment of seminal oxidative stress. University of groningen characterization of genes involved in. Cancer and oxidative stress rectly via dna damage on gene expression dna binding of transcription factors and signaling at the cellular level. Oxidative stress was measured by analysis of oxidative dna damage in salivary glands using the comet assay.
Increased oxidative stress, due to depletion of antioxidant enzymes or. Superoxide is the first reduction product of ground stateoxygen, capable of both oxidation and reduction. The prescence of premorbid medical factors also increased oxidative stress in trauma patients. A role for il1b in oxidative stressmediated neuronal. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between free radicals and their stabilizing agents antioxidant enzymes in the body. Graduate thesis or dissertation oxidative stress and. Sterken and in accordance with the decision by the college of deans. These reactive oxygen species can damage proteins, lipids and dna, altering the organisms structure and function roberts and hubel, 2004. Oxidative stress is associated with increased trauma severity resulting in antioxidant depletion, strong oxidant production and protein degradation. Oxidative stress and human disease oxidative damage to dna, proteins, and other macromolecules has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, most notably heart disease and cancer. We want to give the reader here an overview of the topics in biomedical and basic oxidative stress research which are covered by the authors of this thematic issue. Definition oxidative stress is the presence of active oxygen species ros in excess of the available antioxidant buffering capacity.
Impact of medication on coagulation and plasma oxidative stress 78. However, oxidative stress is actually useful in some instances. The pattern of biopsies does impact oxidative stress occurrence, with an alternating corner pattern resulting in less oxidative stress than biopsies taken in a row. Because of the unique interplay between oxidative stress and these diseases, oxidative stress represents a novel target for the treatment of copd and its comorbidities. I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Alcohol, oxidative stress, and free radical damage defeng wu, ph. Exploring changes in markers of oxidative stress and.
Some antioxidants play a role in such signal transduction. Objective two was to look at levels of oxidative stress and antioxidants in the blood and skeletal. Presence of a physiological antioxidant defense system keeps these free radicals in check. Oxidative stress is now a wellresearched area with thousands of new articles appearing every year. Basic mechanisms of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen. Mechanistic consequences of cardiac oxidative stress. The topics range from an assessment of molecular events in in vitro model systems to complex problems in clinical medicine. The current concept of oxidative stress should also include the pathways related to the nitrosative stress and, for their implication in cellular and extracel lular metabolic events, to the metabolic stress.
Heme serves as a catalyst for the oxidation of lowdensity lipoprotein ldl. New biomarkers of oxidative stress are needed to identify early the need for antioxidant therapy, and to assess the effectiveness of new antioxidants. Oxidative stress and lipid profile status in pulmonary. For example, oxidative stress induces apoptosis to prepare the birth canal for delivery. All forms of oxidative stress may not be equal in their effects on aging, hence the yeasts successful employment of speci. Thioredoxins are conserved oxidoreductases which regulate the catalytic reduction of diverse proteins including 2 cys peroxiredoxins which become oxidized upon reducing h2o2. Abstract of thesis oxidative stress and nutrition in lung and liver transplant recipients doctor of philosophy, 2010, janet madill, institute of medical science, university of toronto transplantation is an acceptable treatment for endstage lung and liver disease patients.
Native nadh as a biomarker for oxidative stress in living. As oxidative stress is a unifying feature of almost all of the cardiovascular risk factors known to drive the atherosclerotic process, as well as a factor that is increased in response to neurohormonal abnormalities in heart failure and in cardiac ischaemia, a biomarker that reflects oxidative stress may be criticized for its lack of specificity. In skeletal muscle, ros have been shown to oxidize critical proteins involved in excitationcontraction coupling and the crossbridge power stroke, which directly affects. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders 1. New transgenic and knockout animal models are needed to study in detail the effects of individual generators of ros and to identify their effectors. They may appear in their original format and may not be copy edited or formatted in the style guide of this journal. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the intersection of circadian rhythmicity, oxidative stress, and the process of aging in drosophila. Reactive oxygen species ros are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environ. Applications to experimental research and effects of fatty acids trygve danielsen. A mixedmethods feasibility study on the provision of a brief online yoga intervention as ehealth for improving stress management.
We show that period mutants have increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, when compared to their wildtype csp counterparts, indicating that the period gene is somehow involved in. Introduction to oxidative stress in biomedical and. Vascular oxidative stress is a leading cause in cardiovascular disease pathology. The primary findings of this thesis highlight the use of novel antioxidant compounds as viable therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of copd. File scanned at 300 ppi monochrome, 256 grayscale using capture perfect 3. In this thesis a range of different biomarkers of oxidative stress are stu. As a result, there is a growing need for quantitative and noninvasive methodologies to probe oxidative stress at the singlecell level and ultimately in vivo.
In this thesis, including two clinical studies on ckd patients, levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, saliva production and blood markers were investigated. Hence, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential roles of thioredoxins and 2cys peroxiredoxins in oxidative stress sensing and signalling in c. The main goal of this thesis project has been to investigate the role of the oxidative stress os in metalinduced toxicity and to test potential protective effects of bioactive compounds. Serum ggt exhibited highest per cent change among biomarkers of oxidative stress and was taken as most sensitive marker of oxidative stress.
University of groningen mitochondrial dysfunction in. In this thesis several markers of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were established and. This thesis deals with understanding the mechanistic consequences of cardiac oxidative stress in nonischemic cardiovascular complications settings including type i diabetes and cocaine. This project focusses on how oxidative stress induced by hypoxia and rapid reoxygenation affects the activation of nf. Reactive oxygen species or free radicals can be produced by normal cellular metabolism and react with biomolecules like protein, lipid, and dna to cause cellular damage. Sies and cadenas 1985 introduced the term from the book. Oxidative stress is a state characterised by excessive production of reactive oxygen species ros and other radical species, a reduction in the capacity of antioxidant systems, and disturbance in normal redox homeostasis with depletion of protective vascular signalling molecules such as nitric oxide no. This thesis presents novel data indicating that oxidative stress did not increase in response to an acute mental arithmetic challenge, under resting conditions or. The nuclear factor erythroid 2 nfe2related factor 2 nrf2 transcription factor has been widely studied for its role as the master regulator of the response to oxidative stress. Bcl2, a mitochondrial membranebound protein, is considered one of the major intrinsic apoptosis regulators 52. Review article oxidative stress and antioxidant defense esra birben phd,1 umit murat sahiner md,1 cansin sackesen md,1 serpil erzurum md,2 and omer kalayci, md1 abstract. Exosomemediated protection against oxidative stress.
Reactive oxygen species ros are small, highly reactive, oxygencontaining molecules that are naturally generated in small amounts during the bodys metabolic reactions and can react with. As free radical damage occurs, cells and tissues are damaged. Perceived stress, stage of change for stress management, and selfefficacy for stress management and engagement in yoga by mussman, kenneth brian, ed. Oxidative stress in plants dirk inze and marc van montagu universiteit gent, gent, belgium during the past few years, considerable progress has been made in understanding how plants protect themselves against oxidative stress. I agree that this thesis be accessible for the purpose of study and research. Without adequate antioxidant defences, an oxidative stress can occur that induces damage andor modification to cellular organelles and can result in altered cell function. Oxidative stress os and formation of free radicals oxidative stress os occurs when the production of free radicals or their products are in excess of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Targeting oxidative stress for the treatment of copd and. Oxidative stress a key player in periodontal disease. Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalances between oxidants and antioxidants 9.
Top2b, an analog of top2a doxs primary anticancer target that is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and other. Two examples are glutathione and thioredoxin, work. Enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase sod, glutathione peroxidase gpx, and catalase cat function in detoxifying reducing oxidative compounds to protect the body from oxidative stress. In general, a shift towards oxidative stress in the cell leads to apoptosis or necrosis 34. Nrf2 has many mechanisms for protection including upregulation of antioxidant genes, metabolism genes, and proteolysis genes. The impact of age and exercise on antioxidants and. Numbers of evidences are supporting the involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathophysiology. Mechanisms of druginduced oxidative stress in the hepatocyte inflammation model doctor of philosophy, 2008 shahrzad tafazoli department of pharmaceutical sciences university of toronto drug induced idiosyncratic agranulocytosis has been attributed to oxidation by hypochlorite formed by bone marrow myeloperoxidase mpo. An investigation of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. In this thesis, we examined the potential of natural coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nadh as a natural biomarker for oxidative stress in c3h 10t12 living cells in culture. Pdf phd thesis oxidative stressmediated metal toxicity and. The aim of this thesis was to examine factors related to oxidative stress, including biomarkers of exogenousdietary and endogenous antioxidants, and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as vitamin supplement use and physical activity, with the risk of agerelated cataract.
These radicals are highly reactive and can cause damage to various biomolecules. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the underlying causes for oxidative stress in infertile men and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress develops. Reduction in the contents of vitamin e and glutathione in the endeavour revealed the reduction of antioxidant status showing the presence of oxidative stress. Prolonged stress conditions lead to accumulation of ros that can. Oxidative stress and its haemodynamic consequences in. Ros can mediate apoptosis by regulating the expression of various apoptosis regulatory proteins.
Oxidative stress and lipid profile status in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in south western nigeria samuel oyewole oyedeji 1, adeyemi adeleke adesina 2, olusegun taiwo oke 3, nihinlade romoke oguntuase 1, ayokunle esan 1 1school of medical laboratory science, chemical pathology department, obafemi awolowo university teaching. Os, resulting from increased formation of hydrogen peroxide and oxygenderived free radicals, can damage biological molecules and. Mechanistic consequences of cardiac oxidative stress book. One theory attributes doxs cardiotoxicity to the drugs offtarget inhibitory effects on topoisomerase 2. Pdf phd thesis oxidative stressmediated metal toxicity. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two reciprocally linked processes that characterise many disease states, but can also transiently increase in response to a range of stimuli, including exercise, to initiate adaptation. It may react to produce several other reactive species.
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